Internet radio station

* What is the Internet Radio

The Internet and audio, and compressed audio file format, such as (MP3), it is linked in the world of radio. And with this technology exchange, rather than millions of dollars, in order to license and run your own radio station, you need a license from the official bodies or government, so you canRunning a private radio station, and represented in these bodies, the control of the media and body contact, and Communications Commission, and the Ministry of Information, and control over the visual and audio media body, then youAlso it needs to transmission and radio transmission tower, construction, team work, of Broadcasters (DJs), And technicians and many techniques, and through the Internet radio station, you can deploy an audio flow (Stream), Through own your broadcast over the Internet, and to listeners from all over the world, and that Internet radio stations is limited in geography, and do not require a license from the official authorities.

The Internet Radio (Internet radio), is in all the simplicity, the deployment of an audio flow (Streaming audio), With a wide range of additional interactive features, these features are great, and even exceed all the features offered by satellite technology and high-definition digital radio (HD - High Definition),

The Internet radio station, could be the title of the song and the singer's name in the course of each show, and Internet radio station guarantee you additional features, such as custom button to purchase (Buy), Listeners can even buy a new song, the music store website (Online music store), and a button to forward progress (Forward), in order to overcome a range of songs, as well as a button

(Rating), in order to secure feedback, the song or station, And inherent vulnerability to future programming, and the emergence of new software techniques.

Even if you do not have ambition, to be a broadcaster Songs

(DJ) throughout the world, you can use the Internet radio technology for many other applications, for example, you can use streaming audio over the Internet, in the following points:

1 - Radio music to your home or office.

2 - Radio audio lecture, or a scientific conference, or music and concerts, or audio files include interviews with intellectuals and writers, and public figures.

3 - broadcast special audio files, or explain scientific topics, or interviews with the characters in a live broadcast and direct, and to all parts of the world.

4 - Listen to your own music collection, through any computer connected to the Internet.

* How can you build and create an Internet radio station of your own?

The idea of ​​Internet radio emerged beginning in the late nineties of the last century 1990s, and that except for the sound of your striped flow inauguration, and payment of sums of money, hundreds of dollars a month, in order to get a high-speed connection in the Internet, you now have the optionsOther low-price alternative, and perhaps free, in order to reach a large amount of listeners, and even if they were not to have a connection to high-speed Internet, or any experience in the preparation of striped voice flowYour online.

In order to build an Internet radio station of your own you need to the following:

1 - know the number of listeners, and those who want them access to your station radio.

2 - how listeners will recognize radio to your station? .

3 - Will you play in your station radio broadcast on the air directly, or through programs and pre-recorded audio files.

4 - need to programmer, to program your station.

5 - Will you play in commercials broadcast across your broadcast? .

6 - Do you have the technical expertise in the preparation and operation of striped your sound?

7 - Do you have the data transfer speed

(Bandwidth), in order to run striped flow.

* Explain the workings of the Internet Radio

The term Internet radio station (Internet radio station), to the sound of the flow of the program, and that can be sent via the Internet to listeners, and possess station (Do-it-yourself), and everything you need him, in order to run radio station on the Internet, and you need to a single computer connected to the Internet, and the number of listeners.

While large commercial Internet radio services possess, such as

(LAUNCHcast), the software running on a large amount of computers, and supports hundreds of thousands of radio stations with listeners.

* Radio streaming audio over the Internet - Broadcasting a Stream

The signal flow in a simple Internet system, starting with an audio source

(Audio source), and who is practically the Media Player, such as

(Media player), (iTunes), (Winamp), or an external source such as a microphone, or (Turntable), in more complex systems, such as those secured systems, in the mode of style service (Live365's basic), here the sound files can be streaming audio to listeners without the need for a sound source, such as (Media player).

The microcontroller (webcast), and is named (Webcast controller), and sometimes called controlled radio or source (Broadcast or source controller), which works like a complex sound mixer, in which allows you to choose one or more sources, such as device (Turntable), in order to register, And (DJ) in order to talk through the loudspeaker, and the definition of the speed of flow rate (Bit-rate), to listeners audio streaming, and specify the name and type your station (Genre), and can be controlled to (Webcast controller), the Internet radio station, from the introduction of the commercials.

And the microcontroller (Webcast controller), in the sound pass in striped

(Streaming audio), and who is a sender (Transmitter) Internet radio station, which sends independent audio streams to each listener, and can only edger sends an audio flow, from the station to a limited group of listeners, whileThe most complex systems, there is a large group of Audio streaming servers, and that can send audio streaming from a large number of stations to thousands and hundreds of thousands of listeners.

* Listening to audio streaming

In order to listen to audio streaming, on each listener must run the media player, such as (RealPlayer), (Musicmatch), (Winamp), and which supports audio streaming format, the dedicated media players also believe, in the mode Audio streaming servers Internet radio, such as (LAUNCHcast), or (Live365), and must have a media player, GPS tool (URL), or (IP Adress), to striped audio streaming, so that he can receive the flow.

And there is no easy way to Internet radio listeners, in order to identify the new stations, and if the display station in a Web site, or been station in tuner Internet radio (Internet radio tuner), in the program (Jukebox), here you can identify the station, based on the descriptions, or by clicking on the menu, and listening to the show, or there is another way, and you'll find out is Locator (URL), or (IP Adress), to the radio station on the Internet, and the easiest way to get a private station, this station is introduced in a folder and available, through the use of serviceBusiness, such as (LAUNCHcast), or (Live365), and if you use the system (Do-it-yourself), such as (SHOUTcast), or (Nicecast), here you can own your own radio station on the Internet, and display the station in a folder, and available to all listeners.

As soon as the media player known as the station address, the media player in the request for audio streaming, audio streaming of striped over the Internet, and in the latter role, to send an flow to computer listener, and if it exceeds the highest number of listeners Sunday, you will not be able to connect to additional listeners, only through space and request the transfer of the largest on the Internet speed.

* Data transfer speed

Previously, the cost of set up an Internet radio station, decreases in the cause of the relationship between the three main factors, and are the following:

1 - data transfer speed - Bandwidth.

2 - streaming audio - Bit-rate rate.

3 - The number of listeners.

* Upstream speed versus speed Downstream

Corresponding to the connection speed to the Internet in two parts, namely the following:

1 - data transfer speed - Downstream or (DownLoad)

And that indicate the speed of transferring data from a computer on the Internet, such as Web striped, to your computer.

2 - speed transfer of data - Upstream or (Upload)

And that indicate the data transfer speed in the opposite direction.

And when the speed equal to the speed of Upstream Downstream, we are here to say that the connection symmetrically (Symmetrical), and provides communications asymmetric (ASymmetrical), Downstream higher speed than the speed of Upstream.

Most of the communications available to home use, such as (DSL), and (Cable), and (dial-up), are asymmetrical (ASymmetrical), and the speed of Upstream be slower in many speed Downstream, and this is not a problem when so many people, and who are surfing the web pages, and in the process of doing download (DownLoading) files, but in proportion to the Web announcer (Webcasters), speed Upstream be more important, this is the reason that in this Great Speed ​​Speed ​​determines the users and listeners, and who can compatibility of the station at any moment.

* Host audio streaming services

Offers host total flow of features service, provided by a full service host to the Internet, the use of host Internet radio-like store set up through service

(Amazon), (Yahoo!), where everything that the believer, on the other hand, said that the hospitality audio streaming service, similar to the use of more hospitality service Web site, with the purchase of shopping carts Software (Shopping-cart) in a separate form.

While offering Internet radio services, such as (Live365) solutions to the (All-in-one), and are often support a limited number of audio streaming formats, and require you to use their own software, in order to manage files and lists of songs and music library, andIn comparison with the hospitality audio streaming services and even visible, provides access to the striped flow and data transfer rate (Bandwidth), but this service to allow Web announcer (Webcasters), the interest in all other details, such as shopping, and organizing programs for, and listen to the broadcast, the announcer on the Web (Webcasters), installation and maintenance of software for the control (Webcast controller), and communication in the striped flow.

* Internet radio station in the use of the preparation (Live365)

In order to provide listeners in a wide range of different stations, offers (Live365) several options, in order to create an Internet radio station legitimacy of your own, and can be songs from the library your own music, or the library (Live365) network (Online), and are you in the creation of your software in use User (PlayLists), which blends in with the form of optional programs broadcast on the air directly, such as (DJ) with the use of the microphone, or to host a personal and talk to her on the air, then sends the audio streaming to listeners, in the mode Audio streaming servers (Live365) high speed.

* Internet radio station in the use of the preparation (SHOUTcast)

The (SHOUTcast), is a free flow of audio system, and are created audio streaming, through a program (Nullsoft), which is integrated with the media player (Winamp), and allows you (SHOUTcast) Radio Audio files, in the formula (MP3), directly from your computer, and in a live broadcast and direct, and be done through the application, either live or on demand through the registration meetings and interviews in audio files, and then demand in view these files in specific periods, and that the basis of the idea (SHOUTcast), is a software Edger (DNAS - Distributed Network Audio System), And is usually the inauguration of the program on your computer, and with a High velocities in the Internet, and in a typical formula that the striped (SHOUTcast), accepted in the broadcast audio streaming over the Internet through (Winamp), and who can work on the same system, in striped formula or any another computer, and the program (SHOUTcast Server) in converting audio streaming, to the rate of speed (Bit)Less, and called this process (Transcodes), from (Winamp) directly, and send audio flows in a separate format on the station, and listeners can receive the Web with any media player and radio, and which can receive audio flow in the formula (MP3).

* The most important meanings of abbreviations

- FLAC, (Free Lossless Audio Codec)

SOUND formula are exempt from taxes.

- Ground

Electrical reference value to the effort audio signal

- ACC, (Advanced Audio Coding)

Standard compressed audio file format and developer, in the mode MPEG, and ACC formula used, in order to midwife to download music files, and sold in the Apple store mode's itunes music store.

- AARC, (Alliance of Artists and Recording Companies)

Federation of record companies and artists, and has participated AARC on the part of the claim with the RIAA, in the case of 1998, in order to prevent Diamond multimadia, from the sale of portable mp3 music player Rio.

- ADC, or A / D converter, (Analog-to-Digital converter)

A digital analog converter, samples are taken from the analog voltage signal, so that this signal is converted into a digital signal, even this reference is appropriate with glossy sound cards, and digital recording devices.

- ADPCM, (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation)

Type of digital audio compression, which consume less size, of Pulse code modulation technique, and used with music CDs.

- AIFF, (Audio Interchange File Format)

Voice uncompressed format common, and works with Macintosh computers.

- Analog Audio

Represented in voice mode with variable value of the signal, And store this reference in analog media, such as cylinders (Records), and magnetic tapes (Tape).

- ATAPI

User protocol in order to communicate with IDE devices, different from the hard drives, such as laser drives CD-ROM.

- ATRAC3

An upgraded sound formula of Sony Corporation, and MiniDiscs are used on tablets, in order to download music from Sony Music Store website.

- AU

Sound format used on computers and Sun NexT.

- Bandwidth

View package transportation network, or in other means of communication.

- Bit

Binary number 0.0 or 1.

- Bit depth

Depth bit, and is the number of bits, and used in the representation of each sample in a digital audio signal is compressed, and be either 8 or 16 or 24 bit.

- Bit rate

Bit rate, and is the number of bits used in every second, in order to represent a digital signal.

- BMI, (Broadcast Music, Inc.)

Labour rights organization, which provides a comprehensive license in the interests of copyright owners.

- Broadcasting

The method of transport in the form of transmission is not restricted to the same information, and to all the systems.

- Buffer

The place where temporary data stored in it.

- Byte

Sequence consisting of 8 bit.

- Capacitance

Capacity, a feature found in electrical cables, and which affect the signal, as the high-capacity caused ml higher, thereby reducing the high frequencies in the audio signal, and which affect the ear drum.

- CAV, (Constant Angular Velocity)

How to read the data on the disk spins at a constant speed.

- CBR, (Constant Bit-Rate)

Audio Encoders way in, and which uses the same number of bit per second, and in regardless of the complexity and degree of noise in the signal.

- CCIR, (Center for Communication Inter Research)

Research organization, founded in user scale common form, in order to determine the quality of encrypted audio files, such as mp3.

- CDDA, (Compact Disc-Digital Audio)

Another term to audio format, and is used in standard mode Red Book-format CDs.

- CDDB, (Compact Dise Database)

Web service, http://www.gracenote.com, with a database containing information including names and song titles, and artists' names and singers, and more than three million CD base.

- Checksum

A unique number, born in the mode of application of the equation Formula, the contents of the data file, and is used in determining whether it has been modified on the file, or there were two files are identical, and without being a direct comparisonTo existing files.

- Clipping

Amputation signal wavelengths, when you reach this reference to the greatest value possible.

- CLV, (Constant Linear Velocity)

Read the technical data disk spins at varying rotational speed, and in order to maintain a constant data transfer rate, and the majority of laser disks working on this pattern.

- CODEC, (COding / DECoding)

Numerical system, use to encrypt and decrypt digital information is encrypted.

- CF, (CompactFlash)

And a small memory card in a solid state, with a microcontroller compete hard disk, and CF cards are often used in digital Alkamirat, and in portable audio players.

- Crossfading

Making the process of consensus between the end of the song, with the beginning of another song, in order to create a smooth transition between them, and this is done by reducing the sound of the song Fading-out, and raise the volume in the second song Fading-in, at the same time.

- DAC, D / A converter, (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

A digital analog converter, a device that in converting the digital signal to Chaphah signal, and is an essential component in all sound cards, and portable digital music players.

- DAE, (Digital Audio Extraction)

Extract digital audio.

- DAT, (Digital Audio Tape)

Digital audio tape, magnetic tape and is stored by the voice information in digital form.

- DB, (decibel)

Unit related to the measurement of sound intensity.

- Digital Audio

Digital audio, of numbers, and be in the bilateral format, 0 or 1.

- Digital Audio Extraction

The process of copying audio data in the form of directly from a CD.

- Dithering

Way of adding random noise to the digital audio signal, in order to minimize the impact of the quantitative distortion Quantization distortion.

- Doctrine of Fair Use

Paragraph of the copyright, and allow the establishment of copies under certain conditions without a license.

- Dolby Digital

Powered voice encryption system, on the one hand most of the movies and the theater.

- DSD, (Direct Stream Digital)

Voice encryption method, and used for laser audio discs.

- DTS, (Digital Theater Systems)

SOUND formula is optional, and is used in some versions of DVD-Video.

- DVD, (Digital Versatile Disc)

CD-like discs CD, and its high density High-density, double-layer and Dual-Layer, and multi-media light.

- DVD-Audio

Standard high-definition voice, and foam channels, can be used in MLP or PCM formats.

- DVD-Video

Standard high-quality video and precision, and is used in the entire film, and the use of MPEG-2 video format, while the audio format Dolby Digital, DTS, or ACC or PCM.

- Dynamic Range

Dynamic area, is the area of ​​the signal levels, and that can be to the audio system, or part of the audio equipment to deal with it, or in the field of signal levels within the audio recording process.

- EMF, (Electro-magnetic frequency)

Magnetic Frequency Electric.

- Encoder

Encrypted, software or device that the information is encrypted.

- Encoding

Encryption, the process of converting the audio is compressed to a compressed format.

- Equalization

Settlement, relating to adjust the levels in the frequency bands, to adjust the frequency response to the audio signal or audio file.

- FireWire

And a high-speed link, to connect digital devices, such as digital Chimera with PC device, and are found in computers Macs, and some other modern personal computers, andIt is also known as IEEE 1394.

- Firmware

Computer programs stored in the chips.

- First Sale Doctrine

Paragraph in the copyright law, and allow the re-sale to the consumer prior music Date Pre-Recorded, and maintained by the consumer, in the condition of copies.

- Freeware

Free software, and usually retains the author in copyright, in terms that can not be edited or sale without permission.

- FTP, (File Transfer Protocol)

User protocol to transfer files over the Internet.

- Genre

Category of music, such as, Rock, Jazz, Blues.

- GHz, (Gigahertz)

A unit of measurement equal to 1000000000 cycles per second.

- Hz, (Hertz)

Unit frequency measurement, the number of cycles per second.

- HTTP, (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

Hypertext transfer protocol texts online.

- Huffman Coding

Encryption Huffman, a method used to compress and encrypt a set of data, depending on the frequency relative to individual elements, and the greater the appearance of elements in the message, for example, whenever that encryptionYou need, shorter and less capacity (Bit), and uses this kind of pressure are known, such as program (PKZIP) programs, and also uses this type of encryption in communication devices, and in the huge computer networks.

- Icecast

Open source tools used, from the point of Internet radio stations, and so in order to send an audio flow in the formula (MP3), and (Ogg Vorbis).

- ID3 tag

MP3 files the way data is stored, where it can be through them, record an album, and artist's name, and path name, type and Genre, and other information.

- ISDN, (Integrated Services Digital Network)

Type of digital phone lines, and is used in voice and data, in Quicken up to

128kbps.

- ISO, (International Standards Organization)

International Organization for Standardization, and is an international organization working to establish common standards for communications and information

exchange.

- ITU, (International Telecomunications Union)

The International Telecommunication Union.

- Jitter

Errors generated from the digital signal, in the cause of inaccuracy in the CD-search engine.

- JPEG, (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

A group of experts, and their method of appointment, through a global group for the development of image compression standards, and can this formula of images, reduce the size of graphic images in the form of a very large, with loss very little of the picture quality.

- Line-in jack

Input connector, designed to accept the sound out, from another audio device

- Line-out jack

Output connector, it passes the signal amplifier in the audio unit

- Mic, (Microfhone)

Microphone, an entry voice data tool.

- Memory Stick

A special type of memory cards the gamma (Flash memory), and has been developed by Sony Corporation.

- Microdrive

Steel mini-disc, made of IBM's.

- MIDI, (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)

Digital musical instruments to the fore.

- MP2, (MPEG Audio Layer-II)

Compressed audio files and standard format, and are used in a wide format in the radio industry, and is the previous version of MP3.

- MP3, (MPEG Audio Layer-III)

Formula compressed audio files and standard, and are used in a wide format, for the midwife to download music, and audio signal flow.

- Mp3PRO

Format audio files, provide the best quality at the rate (Bit) less than formula mp3.

- MPEG, (Moving Pictures Experts Group)

A group of experts responsible for digital audio standards, and video compression, such as mp3 and JPEG.

- Musepack

Audio compression format, and are built on a layer MPEG Audio Layer-II.

- Normalization

The process of adjusting the levels of the digital audio files, where she works in all the music and songs, at the same volume.

- Nyquist Theorem

Nyquist theory, this theory states, that rate is the reference samples, you must have at least twice the highest frequency is required, in order to restore production.

- Octave

It is the interval between any frequency and another frequency, and is equal to twice the first frequency.

- Ogg Vorbis

It is a compressed audio format, and the sound of the flow of technology in high quality, open source.

- Preamp

Preliminary amplifier sound, from equipment Hardware, and raise the low-level audio signal, from the loudspeaker or Turntable device, or Tape deck, and in order to prepare the reference level, before the process transmission to the main amplifier.

- Quantization

Value revolves around the nearest integer value Integer, and occur during the conversion process, the situation of digital, analog to the case, when the samples voltage levels of the analog signal is taken.

- Quantization noise

Is the noise that is added to the digital audio signal, in the mode of quantitative account Quantization.

- QuickTime

Upgraded software in the mode of Apple Computer, this software can run a variety of digital media, including media containing images and sound and video.

- Rumble

Low-frequency noise, the cause of the acoustic feedback, and ringing tones, and engine vibration, and other problems in the Turntable device.

- Resoution

The depth and accuracy Bit, Bit depth.

- SACD, (Super Audio CD)

Type of DVD drive, the developer of the Philips company and sony, and use the DTS format, in order to secure a voice in a very high accuracy.

- SCMS, (Serial copy Management System)

Copy-protection system for digital recording devices, and marketed to consumers.

- Shareware

Software software, this software can be deployed in freedom, but must be the purchase of this software, if used within a specified period.

- Shielding

Shield or shielding, and is surrounded by metal in the circuit board, or a wire carrying an electrical signal, in the goal of reducing the overlap with the coming from other sources jamming signals, and the Shield Shield in objection electrical noise, and the noise signal to send to the ground.

- S / PDIF, (Sony / Philips Digital Interface)

Digital interface to the Sony Corporation, and Philips Company

- SPL, (Sound pressure Level)

The level of sound intensity scale.

- Synchronization

The time alignment of the sound and picture, or an audio source compatibility with other audio source, in the case of samples or loops, or in re-mixing the sound.

- VBR, (Variable bit-rate)

Audio Encoders way in, and which uses a number Bit more or less, and based on the degree of complexity of the audio signal.

- WAV

Common audio file format, and is compressed.

- WMA, (Windows Media Audio)

Special formula and developed a compressed audio file, from Microsoft, and is used in the mode of Windows Media Player.

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