The concept of nanotechnology

The origin of the word "nano" is derived from the Greek word "Nanos" which is a Greek word meaning dwarf, and intended, everything is small here means technology materials or micro-technology microparticles miniatures. Nanoscience is the study of the fundamental principles of molecules and compounds that do not exceed the measured 100 nm, Valenano is more accurate unit of measurement metric known until now, and a length of one-billionth of a meter, which is equivalent to ten times the unit of measurement of atomic known Balongustrom, known as a nanometer being part of billionths of a meter, and a thousandth of a micrometer. To bring this definition to reality, the head hair diameter approximately equal to 75,000 nm, and the size of a red blood cell up to 2,000 nm, and the world of nanotechnology is considered the boundary between the world of atoms and molecules and between the world of macro.

To get to know Nanotechnology

One day, a group of people decided to establish a party in honor of the world knows Balbrovsaurerichard American physicist Feynman, and that was in 1959 in the month of December, this group known as the American Association of Physics ....

During this celebration by Professor Feynman gave a lecture titled strange and rare (there are a lot of spaces and rooms large rock bottom!) ..

The lecture is the beginning of a revolution took place in the present age, and the twentieth century atheist This revolution is .. Nanotechnology

Professor Feynman explained in this lecture that he can by rearranging atoms of any material which is in the range of micro,,, which is now known from 1 nm to 100 nm,,,, get the properties of distinct and quite different from the original qualities and characteristics. At that time the name is not known nano has not called Professor Feynman at the time, but the name of the nano Viem 1974 world title Japanese "Norio Taniguchi" It is in English (Nanotechnology) A nanometer is a unit of measurement of the dimensions of micro-objects such as atoms and molecules article .. The word nano means dwarf in Greek ..

The nano-meters = 1 \ m 1000000000 of a meter per 1 \ m 1000000000

The nano-Millimeter = one from millionth Millimeter 1 \ 1000000 mm

But how do we benefit from this technology?

This is done to capture ultra fine particles of any substance and manipulate them to move it to the original material elsewhere atoms

then combined with other materials to form crystalline networks .. In order to get the materials Nano dimensional distinct properties

Example for clarification :

If we take a material such as iron, for example: · Take a cube of iron side length of one meter and go with a tool as the length and breadth and a rise we will have eight cubes side length of one of them 50 centimeters, and comparing these cubes cube original, we find that they will be charged all its properties such as color smoothness and Delivery and the degree of fusion and other characteristics. · We will cut off one of these cubes to eight other cubes, and will become a side length of one of them 25 centimeters and will be charged the same characteristics, of course, · and with the help of Speaker microscopic and cutting tool minutes, we will repeat this process several times and measure at a time of a centimeter to millimeter down to the micrometer. And we find that the properties will remain as it is and this is a reality experienced in practical life, article on the scale of micrometers and larger does not depend on size. · Continue machining'll get to what we called formerly the nano scale, when this size will change all the properties of matter entirely including the color and chemical properties ; The reason for this change is due to the nature of the interactions between the constituent atoms of the element iron, in the large size of the iron does not exist in these interactions often, and conclude that this size nano scale iron will work differently for iron with a large size.

Simplified definition of nano materials :

Is a group of very small materials prepared in the laboratory or found in nature without human intervention, and lengths ranging measurements or particle diameters between 0.1 nm to 100 nm. This category of nano materials that do not exceed standards diameters from 100 nm have great economic importance, they are more useful nano materials and the most widespread and applications in the industrial, medical diverse.

What is the mechanism of nano particles that created this difference and the new science?

At the nano scale, objects behave quite differently from its disposal at the largest scales, for example: gold in the normal size is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity, but not for the light. But particles of gold Nano particles built properly, begin with the absorption of light and can turn that light into heat, enough heat makes it run Knife or scissors or scalpel mini thermal in which you can kill unwanted cells in the body, such as cancer cells.

As well as some other materials can shout notoriously stronger when built on the nano scale. For example, Vonabeb carbon nano tubes with a diameter of 0.00001 diameter of human hair, incredibly powerful. They are used in the manufacture of bicycles, baseball bats, and some parts of the car at the esent time. Even some scientists think the possibility of all carbon nano tubes with plastics for the manufacture of composite is much lighter than steel, and at the same time more powerful than. This saves energy if we replaced some of the metals used in the car industry such compound, as well as carbon nano tubes that conducts heat and electricity better than any metal, so it can be used to protect aircraft from lightning strikes, can also be used in computer electrical circuits.

Criticized for Nanotechnology and the responses to these criticisms :

When all in the evolution of any scientific or technological always get criticism and fears spread. Just as happened in the first industrial revolution and the invention of the computer and when the advent of genetic engineering, and others.

Concentrated criticism for nanotechnology here on two elements :

- The first concerns: that the nano-particles is very small to the extent that they can sneak behind the immune system in the human body.

- The second concern: Nano rbut is to become self-reproduction, which is like a reproduction in the normal life he can reproduce without borders and controls everything in the hemisphere.

Has begun environmental organizations and the World Health organizes conferences to discuss these risks in particular. A meeting was held in Brussels in June 2008 under the chairmanship of Prince Charles, the first global meeting to organize this goal, also issued Greenpeace recently issued a statement indicating that it will not call for a ban on nanotechnology research. Because the rights in this century on the doors of a new phase is completely different from the previous century, and so he says most scientists :

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